This page centers on how multilingual learners develop literacy across languages and how educators can design instruction that strengthens reading, writing, speaking, and listening together.
Core Strategy Areas
Oral language → reading comprehension
Writing to learn across content areas
Academic vocabulary & morphology
Biliteracy development & cross-language connections
Key Resources
- IES Practice Guide (2014) - Teaching Academic Content and Literacy to English Learners in Elementary and Middle School
- IES Practice Guide (2007) - Effective Literacy and English Language Instruction for English Learners
- National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth